Finance

Finance is the theory and practice of conducting large public and private dealings in money. Finance is the branch of economics concerned with providing funds to individuals, businesses, and governments. Important institutions of private finance include those that deal with insurance, banking, stocks (see stock), bonds, and other securities. It is the science that describes the management of money, banking, credit, investments, and assets. Finance which is used by individuals is termed as personal finance. Personal financial decisions may involve paying for education, financing durable goods such as real estate and cars, buying insurance, e.g. health and property insurance, investing and saving for retirement. Finance which is used by governments is termed as public finance.

Finance which is used by businesses is termed as corporate finance. Business decision concerning finance is investment, or fund management.
Finance plays an important role in the economy. As banks, credit unions, and other financial institutions provide credit, they help expand the economy by directing funds from savers to borrowers. A wide variety of financial institutions have different roles in finance and the economy. Some institutions, such as banks, link lenders and borrowers. These institutions act as an intermediary among consumers, businesses, and governments by lending out deposits. Other institutions, such as stock exchanges, provide a market for existing securities, which include stocks and bonds. Stock exchanges encourage investment because they enable investors to sell their securities when the need arises.
Financial System of any country consists of financial markets, financial intermediation and financial instruments or financial products.
A Financial Market can be defined as the market in which financial assets are created or transferred. As against a real transaction that involves exchange of money for real goods or services, a financial transaction involves creation or transfer of a financial asset. Financial markets include Money Market, Capital Market, Forex Market, Credit Market.
Financial intermediation in the organized sector is conducted by a widerange of institutions functioning under the overall surveillance of the Reserve Bank of India. In the initial stages, the role of the intermediary was mostly related to ensure transfer of funds from the lender to the borrower. This service was offered by banks, FIs, brokers, and dealers. However, as the financial system widened along with the developments taking place in the financial markets, the scope of its operations also widened. Some of the important intermediaries operating ink the financial markets include; investment bankers, underwriters, stock exchanges, registrars, depositories, custodians, portfolio managers, mutual funds, financial advertisers financial consultants, primary dealers, satellite dealers, self regulatory organizations, etc
Some of the important money market instruments are Call/Notice Money, Treasury Bills, Term Money, Certificate of Deposit, Commercial Papers.

Finance is the branch of economics concerned with providing funds and debt advice to individuals, businesses, and governments.

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